To observe the effect of thoracoscopic operation of single hole surgery and thoracic surgery for primary spontaneous pneumothorax (primary spontaneous pneumothorax, PSP) with pulmonary bulla formation effect.

We retrospectively collected from Jan. 2008 to Dec. 2015, 52 cases of PSP with pulmonary bulla formation were divided into two groups: the A group of 30 cases (video-assisted thoracoscopic thoracoscopic surgery, VATS; VATS single hole operation for resection of lung bullae); 22 cases in group B (conventional thoracotomy), blood gas analysis of two groups were compared before and after hospitalization time, surgery (PaO_2, PaCO₂) postoperative pleural effusion, chest top residual capacity, leakage, atelectasis, pulmonary infection, postoperative recurrence and other complications.

A group compared with B group, hospitalization time (t = 1.312, P = 0.036), postoperative blood gas analysis of PaO₂ (t = 60.206, P = 0.038), PaCO₂ (t = 32.025, P = 0.009), pleural effusion (t = 2.035, P = 0.042), pulmonary infection (t = 1.095, P = 0.041) compared the differences, statistically significant (P<0.05), therapeutic effect the A group was significantly higher than that of B group; while in the top, leakage, postoperative residual atelectasis and postoperative recurrence are no difference, no statistical significance (P> 0.05).

Using VATS single hole operation for pulmonary bulla resection for the treatment of PSP is safe and effective, with less trauma, less complications, better than conventional surgical treatment, can cure PSP in the shortest time. Early VATS single operation hole for pulmonary bullae resection for the treatment of PSP can be used as the preferred treatment of the possibility, necessity, has high clinical application value.