Residual biliary stones can potentially lead to biliary obstruction, recurrent infections, hepatic dysfunction, and an increased long-term risk of cholangiocarcinoma. To standardize diagnostic and management strategies, the Minimally Invasive Surgery Committee of the Chinese Research Hospital Association convened a multidisciplinary panel of experts. This consensus was developed using the GRADE evidence grading system in conjunction with the modified Delphi method. The document begins by defining residual biliary stones and systematically examines their epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and imaging diagnostic strategies. Based on this foundation, stratified treatment algorithms are proposed for three main categories: residual stones in the gallbladder/cystic duct remnant, the extrahepatic bile duct, and the intrahepatic bile ducts.Standardized management principles for associated conditions, such as cholangitis and biliary strictures, are systematically incorporated into the framework. The consensus delineates the indications and optimal timing for various techniques, including hepatectomy, endoscopic stone extraction, and percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy, while emphasizing the importance of correcting biliary strictures and ensuring adequate drainage as critical determinants of favorable long-term outcomes. Furthermore, adjunctive pharmacotherapy is acknowledged for its role in modulating bile metabolism and alleviating symptoms, thereby serving as an essential component of comprehensive management. The consensus also provides systematic recommendations for postoperative surveillance, patient education, and lifestyle interventions, thereby establishing a closed-loop management strategy that encompasses the entire diagnostic and therapeutic continuum. This consensus offers evidence-based guidance aimed at harmonizing and rationalizing clinical decision-making, ultimately enhancing therapeutic precision and improving long-term prognoses for patients with residual biliary stones in China.