Significant progress has been made in intelligent laparoscopic surgical robotics over the past decade. This review summarizes the latest advancements in the field. Clinical studies have demonstrated that robot-assisted surgery offers distinct advantages over conventional laparoscopic techniques, including reduced intraoperative blood loss, shorter operative time, and decreased hospital stays. Commercially, although Intuitive Da Vinci Robotic Surgical Systems remains dominant, the competitive landscape is gradually diversifying. Academic research has primarily focused on open platforms, surgical automation, navigation and intraoperative imaging, force sensing and control, single-port laparoscopic robots, and modular surgical robotic systems. Additionally, emerging technologies such as MRI-compatible robots and cellular-level interaction show promising potential. In the future, laparoscopic surgical robots will evolve toward miniaturization, intelligence, and customization, while human-robot interaction modes will transform with increasing autonomy. However, clinical translation still faces challenges, including regulatory approval, development processes, and clinical validation. Innovations in intelligent surgical technology must remain patient-centered, prioritizing safety and efficiency, to fully realize their potential to transform medicine.