Esophageal cancer has become one of the main malignant tumors in China with its increasing morbidity and mortality. The causes of esophageal cancer are numerous and complicated. Early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma refers to lesions which confined to the esophageal mucosa and when the lesions invade the esophageal submucosa is called superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. With the popularity of endoscopy and the advancement of technology, the diagnosis rate of early and superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma are improving. At present, endoscopic treatment mainly includes endoscopic resection and endoscopic non-resection. Among them, endoscopic resection includes EMR, ESD, etc. Compared with surgical treatment, endoscopic resection has the advantages of safety, less trauma, simple operation and fewer complications, consequently, patient′s quality of life is improved. However, for patients with a high risk of lymph node metastasis, it is recommended to follow up closely after endoscopic treatment. With the development of methods such as ESTD for larger lesions, endoscopic treatment will provide a better treatment for patients with early esophageal tumors.