腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除术是妇科恶性肿瘤手术分期及区域淋巴结评估的重要组成部分，其切除范围及质量直接影响分期准确性和后续治疗决策。传统开腹手术创伤较大，多孔腹腔镜经腹入路在高位腹主动脉旁区域操作时易受肠管、网膜及肥胖等因素影响，术野暴露存在一定局限。而腹膜后入路有利于高位淋巴结显露与切除，经脐部单孔腹腔镜技术则兼具微创及美容优势，二者结合形成经脐部单孔腹腔镜腹膜后入路腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除术，可在减少腹壁创伤的同时兼顾腹膜后入路的解剖优势，为妇科肿瘤微创分期手术提供新的实施方式。本文结合临床实践及现有研究，就该术式的技术演进背景、技术特点、适应证选择、标准化手术流程与关键技术要点、临床价值及应用前景进行探讨，以期为其规范化开展及临床推广提供参考。

Para-aortic lymphadenectomy is an important component of surgical staging and regional lymph node assessment in gynecologic malignancies. The extent and quality of lymph node dissection directly affect staging accuracy and subsequent treatment decisions. Conventional laparotomy is associated with greater surgical trauma, whereas the transperitoneal multiport laparoscopic approach may be limited by bowel interference, omental obstruction, obesity, and other factors during dissection of the upper para-aortic region, resulting in suboptimal surgical exposure.The retroperitoneal approach facilitates exposure and dissection of high-level para-aortic lymph nodes. Meanwhile, transumbilical laparoendoscopic single-site surgery offers the advantages of minimal invasiveness and superior cosmetic outcomes. The combination of these two approaches has led to the development of transumbilical laparoendoscopic single-site retroperitoneal para-aortic lymphadenectomy, which reduces abdominal wall trauma while preserving the anatomical advantages of retroperitoneal access, thereby providing a novel minimally invasive option for surgical staging in gynecologic malignancies. Based on current evidence and clinical experience, this review summarizes the developmental background, technical characteristics, indications, standardized surgical procedures and key operative techniques, clinical value, and future perspectives of this procedure, with the aim of providing a reference for its standardized implementation and wider clinical application.