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中华腔镜外科杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (02) : 109 -114. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-6899.2025.02.008

论著

机器人与开腹手术肝内胆管细胞癌淋巴结清扫的对比研究
刘博源1,2, 张柯迪2, 陈嘉瑞1,2, 胡明根2,()   
  1. 1. 100853 北京,解放军医学院
    2. 100853 北京,解放军总医院第一医学中心肝胆胰外科医学部
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-21 出版日期:2025-04-30
  • 通信作者: 胡明根

Comparative efficacy of robotic and open surgical approaches for lymph node dissection in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Boyuan Liu1,2, Kedi Zhang2, Jiarui Chen1,2, Minggen Hu2,()   

  1. 1. Medical School of Chinese PLA,Beijing 100853,China
    2. Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
  • Received:2025-03-21 Published:2025-04-30
  • Corresponding author: Minggen Hu
引用本文:

刘博源, 张柯迪, 陈嘉瑞, 胡明根. 机器人与开腹手术肝内胆管细胞癌淋巴结清扫的对比研究[J/OL]. 中华腔镜外科杂志(电子版), 2025, 18(02): 109-114.

Boyuan Liu, Kedi Zhang, Jiarui Chen, Minggen Hu. Comparative efficacy of robotic and open surgical approaches for lymph node dissection in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Laparoscopic Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2025, 18(02): 109-114.

目的

探讨机器人手术与开腹手术在行淋巴结清扫时的围手术期结局、病理特征及淋巴结清扫效果,以评估机器人行淋巴结清扫的安全性及有效性。

方法

本研究回顾性收集了2018年1月至2023年10月在解放军总医院第一医学中心接受肝内胆管细胞癌根治术及淋巴结清扫术的148例患者的临床资料,根据手术方式不同分为机器人肝内胆管细胞癌根治术并淋巴结清扫组(机器人组,n=42)和开腹肝内胆管细胞癌根治术并淋巴结清扫组(开腹组,n=106),经倾向性匹配消除基线特征中的混杂因素后,比较围手术期指标、病理特征及淋巴结清扫效果。

结果

经倾向性匹配后机器人组纳入35例,开腹组纳入33例,两组间基线特征差异无统计学意义,匹配后组间比较显示,机器人组的手术时间显著短于开腹组(165.00 min vs.190.00 min,Z=-2.33, P=0.020);机器人组展现出更少的失血量(50.00 ml vs. 200.00 ml,Z=-5.78, P<0.001);更短的引流管留置时间(5.00 d vs. 8.00 d,Z=-4.40, P<0.001);更短的术后住院时间(7.00 d vs. 11.00 d,Z=-4.75, P<0.001)。两组间的肝门阻断次数(P=0.603)、肝门阻断时间(P=0.519)的差异无统计学意义;在术后并发症方面,两组间差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.010,P=0.663);在病理特征方面,两组间的肿瘤数量、分化程度、脉管癌栓、卫星结节、神经侵犯、微血管癌栓的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);淋巴结清扫效果方面,两组在检出淋巴结总数(4.00个 vs. 5.00个;Z=-1.19,P=0.236)及淋巴结阳性数量方面(1.00个 vs.1.00个,Z=-0.89,P=0.375)差异无统计学意义。

结论

机器人行淋巴结清扫可以在损伤更小的情况下达到与开腹手术同样的清扫效果。

Objective

To compare the perioperative outcomes, pathological characteristics, and lymph node dissection (LND) efficacy between robotic and open surgeries for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) to evaluate the safety and feasibility of robotic-assisted LND.

Methods

This study retrospectively collected clinical data from 148 patients who underwent radical resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with lymphadenectomy at the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital between Jan. 2018 and Oct. 2023. Patients were stratified into robotic (n=42) and open surgery (n=106)groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to eliminate baseline confounding factors.Perioperative parameters, patholog-ical features, and LND outcomes were compared between groups.

Results

After propensity score matching, 35 patients in the robotic group and 33 in the open surgery group were included, with balanced baseline characteristics. The robotic group demonstrated significantly shorter operative time compared to the open surgery group (165.00 min vs. 190.00 min; Z=-2.33, P=0.020),along with reduced blood loss (50.00 ml vs. 200.00 ml; Z=-5.78, P<0.001), shorter drainage tube retention (5.00 days vs. 8.00 days; Z=-4.40, P<0.001),and decreased postoperative hospitalization duration (7.00 days vs. 11.00 days; Z=-4.75, P<0.001). However, no significant differences were observed between groups regarding Number of Pringlemaneuvers(P=0.603) or duration (P=0.519).Postoperative complication characteristics, rates showed no statistical discrepancy (χ2=1.010,P=0.663).Pathological includ-ing tumor multiplicity, differentiation grade, vascular invasion, satellite nodules, neural invasion,and microvascular invasion, were comparable between groups (all P>0.05).LND outcomes also revealed equivalence, with similar total harvested lymph nodes (4.00 vs. 5.00; Z=-1.19, P=0.236) and positive lymph node counts (1.00 vs. 1.00; Z=-0.89, P=0.375).

Conclusions

Robotic lymphadenectomy demonstrates non-inferior efficacy to open surgery with reduced intraoperative trauma.

续表1
因素 倾向性匹配前 倾向性匹配后
机器人组(n =42) 开腹组(n =106) 统计值 P 机器人组(n =35) 开腹组( n =33) 统计值 P
年龄[ M ( Q1,  Q3 ),岁] 64. 50(58. 00,67. 00) 59. 00(53. 00,65. 00)   Z=-2. 048 0. 041 65. 00(58. 50,67. 00) 62. 00(56. 00,67. 00)   Z=-0. 700 0. 484
性别[例(%)] χ 2=0. 112 0. 737 χ 2=0. 476 0. 490
 男性 27(64. 29) 65(61. 32) 23(65. 71) 19(57. 58)
 女性 15(35. 71) 41(38. 68) 12(34. 29) 14(42. 42)
BMI[M ( Q1,  Q3 ),kg/ m2] 24. 36(22. 21,26. 42) 23. 94(22. 18,26. 10)   Z=-0. 047 0. 963 24. 22(22. 21,26. 81) 23. 31(21. 77,26. 30)   Z=-0. 806 0. 420
肿瘤最大径[M ( Q1,  Q3 ),cm] 5. 25(4. 50,7. 00) 5. 50(4. 05,8. 00)   Z=-0. 132 0. 895 5. 00(4. 60,7. 50) 6. 00(4. 60,9. 50)   Z=-1. 035 0. 301
ALT[M ( Q1,  Q3 ),U/ L] 17. 55(13. 13,26. 38) 24. 80(15. 48,43. 90)   Z=-2. 314 0. 021 17. 70(14. 20,26. 05) 20. 20(14. 70,29. 70)   Z=-0. 681 0. 496
AST[M ( Q1,  Q3 ),U/ L] 21. 55(16. 52,29. 70) 23. 95(17. 42,34. 55)   Z=-1. 010 0. 312 20. 50(15. 95,29. 70) 22. 80(17. 40,30. 50)   Z=-0. 687 0. 492
Hb[M ( Q1,  Q3 ),g/ L] 136. 00(127. 25,148. 75) 133. 00(123. 25,142. 00)   Z=-1. 763 0. 078 136. 00(126. 50,147. 50) 135. 00(127. 00,144. 00)   Z=-0. 246 0. 806
PLT[M ( Q1,  Q3 ),109 / L] 225. 00(190. 25,272. 00) 212. 50(167. 00,272. 00)   Z=-1. 095 0. 273 223. 00(188. 00,275. 50) 233. 00(190. 00,267. 00)   Z=-0. 117 0. 907
TP[M ( Q1,  Q3 ),g/ L] 68. 85(64. 93,71. 90) 68. 75(64. 12,73. 18)   Z=-0. 247 0. 805 68. 60(64. 80,71. 80) 69. 50(65. 40,73. 60)   Z=-0. 896 0. 370
ALB[M ( Q1,  Q3 ),g/ L] 42. 00(40. 52,42. 48) 40. 40(38. 20,42. 70)   Z=-1. 938 0. 053 41. 50(40. 45,42. 40) 40. 60(38. 90,43. 00)   Z=-0. 841 0. 400
G[M ( Q1,  Q3 ),mmol/ L] 5. 10(4. 64,5. 67) 5. 14(4. 69,5. 82)   Z=-0. 274 0. 784 5. 07(4. 64,5. 72) 5. 11(4. 72,5. 88)   Z=-0. 123 0. 902
CA199[M ( Q1,  Q3 ),U/ ml] 98. 44(37. 12,949. 60) 93. 44(22. 49,517. 25)   Z=-0. 385 0. 700 83. 85(37. 12,568. 80) 66. 28(15. 63,199. 50)   Z=-1. 141 0. 254
CEA[M ( Q1,  Q3 ),μg/ L] 3. 33(1. 98,19. 76) 2. 66(1. 65,6. 03)   Z=-1. 751 0. 080 3. 29(1. 89,9. 41) 3. 35(1. 89,4. 65)   Z=-0. 620 0. 535
肿瘤部位[例(%)] - 0. 381 - 0. 933
 尾状叶 0(0. 00) 6(5. 66) 0(0. 00) 1(3. 03)
 右叶 18(42. 86) 29(27. 36) 15(42. 86) 12(36. 36)
 中叶 1(2. 38) 4(3. 77) 1(2. 86) 1(3. 03)
 左叶 18(42. 86) 45(42. 45) 14(40. 00) 16(48. 48)
 右叶+尾叶 1(2. 38) 2(1. 89) 1(2. 86) 0(0. 00)
 左叶+尾叶 3(7. 14) 12(11. 32) 3(8. 57) 2(6. 06)
 左叶+右叶 1(2. 38) 8(7. 55) 1(2. 86) 1(3. 03)
肿瘤数量[例(%)] χ 2=0. 110 0. 740 χ 2=0. 013 0. 911
 单发 36(85. 71) 93(87. 74) 29(82. 86) 27(81. 82)
 多发 6(14. 29) 13(12. 26) 6(17. 14) 6(18. 18)
肝硬化背景[例(%)] χ 2=1. 039 0. 308 χ 2=1. 199 0. 274
 否 37(88. 01) 86(81. 13) 31(88. 57) 26(78. 79)
 是 5(11. 91) 20(18. 87) 4(11. 43) 2(21. 21)
因素 倾向性匹配前 倾向性匹配后
机器人组(n =42) 开腹组(n =106) 统计值 P 机器人组(n =35) 开腹组(n =33) 统计值 P
腹部手术史[例(%)] χ 2≤0. 001 >0. 999 χ 2 =0. 003 0. 958
 否 38(90. 48) 96(90. 57) 34(97. 14) 31(93. 94)
 是 4(9. 52) 10(9. 43) 1(2. 86) 2(6. 06)
术前治疗史[例(%)] χ 2 =0. 366 0. 545 χ 2 =0. 003 0. 958
 否 40(95. 24) 96(90. 57) 34(97. 14) 31(93. 94)
 是 2(4. 76) 10(9. 43) 1(2. 86) 2(6. 06)
肝炎背景[例(%)] χ 2 =0. 616 0. 433 χ 2 =0. 013 0. 911
 否 36(85. 71) 85(80. 19) 29(82. 86) 27(81. 82)
 是 6(14. 29) 21(19. 81) 6(17. 14) 6(18. 18)
Child 分级[例(%)] χ 2 =5. 252 0. 022 χ 2 =0. 003 0. 958
 A 级 41(97. 62) 89(83. 96) 34(97. 14) 31(93. 94)
 B 级 1(2. 38) 17(16. 04) 1(2. 86) 2(6. 06)
表2 两组间围手术期指标及病理特征的比较
因素 总计(n =68) 机器人组 (n =35) 开腹组 (n =33) 统计值 P
手术时间[M ( Q1,  Q3 ),min] 177. 5 (141. 50, 216. 25) 165. 00 (126. 00, 200. 00) 190. 00 (166. 00, 228. 00) Z=-2. 33 0. 020
失血量[M ( Q1,  Q3 ),ml] 100. 00 (50. 00, 300. 00) 50. 00 (50. 00, 100. 00) 200. 00 (150. 00, 300. 00) Z=-5. 78 <0. 001
肝门阻断次数[M ( Q1,  Q3 ),次] 1. 00 (1. 00, 2. 00)  1. 00 (1. 00, 1. 50)  1. 00 (1. 00, 2. 00) Z=-0. 52 0. 603
肝门阻断时间[M ( Q1,  Q3 ),min] 20. 50 (15. 00, 31. 00) 22. 00 (16. 00, 29. 00) 20. 00 (13. 00, 31. 00) Z=-0. 65 0. 519
引流管留置时间[M ( Q1,  Q3 ),d] 6. 50 (5. 00, 9. 00)  5. 00 (4. 00, 6. 50)  8. 00 (7. 00, 12. 00) Z=-4. 40 <0. 001
胃管留置时间[M ( Q1,  Q3 ),d] 1. 00 (0. 50, 1. 00)  1. 00 (0. 00, 1. 00)  1. 00 (1. 00, 2. 00) Z=-3. 68 <0. 001
术后住院天数[M ( Q1,  Q3 ),d] 9. 00 (6. 75, 11. 00)  7. 00 (5. 50, 9. 00) 11. 00 (9. 00, 13. 00) Z=-4. 75 <0. 001
术后并发症[例(%)] 11 (16. 18)  5 (14. 29)  6 (18. 18) χ 2=1. 01 0. 663
30 d 死亡[例(%)] 0. 00 (0. 00, 0. 00)  0. 00 (0. 00, 0. 00)  0. 00 (0. 00, 0. 00) Z=NaN
肿瘤数量[例(%)] χ 2=0. 01 0. 911
 单发 56 (82. 35) 29 (82. 86) 27 (81. 82)
 多发 12 (17. 65)  6 (17. 14)  6 (18. 18)
分化程度[例(%)] χ 2=4. 23 0. 121
 高分化 32 (47. 06) 15 (42. 86) 17 (51. 52)
 中分化 13 (19. 12) 10 (28. 57)  3 (9. 09)
 低分化 23 (33. 82) 10 (28. 57) 13 (39. 39)
脉管癌栓[例(%)] 19 (27. 94)  8 (22. 86) 11 (33. 33) χ 2=0. 93 0. 336
卫星结节[例(%)] 11 (16. 18)  4 (11. 43)  7 (21. 21) χ 2=1. 20 0. 274
神经侵犯[例(%)] 18 (26. 47)  8 (22. 86) 10 (30. 30) χ 2=0. 48 0. 487
MVI[例(%)] 15 (22. 06)  6 (17. 14)  9 (27. 27) χ 2=1. 01 0. 314
表3 两组间淋巴结检出情况的比较
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