近年来腹腔镜手术由于相对传统手术具有独特的微创优势，逐渐成为外科的主要手术方式。伴随着腹腔镜技术的不断发展与应用，学界对于腔镜手术并发症的认识越来越全面。穿刺孔疝(trocar site hernia, TSH)自1968年被Fear第一次报道后，越来越多的类似病例被报道，穿刺孔疝导致的术后安全问题逐渐引起注意。穿刺孔疝的发生是由于穿刺部位存在缺损，腹腔内组织或脏器通过缺损突出皮下间隙所致。穿刺孔疝一旦发生，不仅会降低患者生活质量，而且如果伴发肠道嵌顿将危及患者生命。因此，腹腔镜术后穿刺孔疝应当引起重视，识别相关危险因素，做好必要的预防措施具有重要的临床意义。本文就穿刺孔疝的发生及预防作一综述，以期为临床提供参考。

In recent years, laparoscopic surgery has gradually become the primary surgical approach in the field of surgery due to its unique advantages in minimally invasive procedures compared to traditional surgery. With the continuous development and application of laparoscopic technology, there has been an increasingly comprehensive understanding of complications associated with laparoscopic procedures. Trocar site hernia (TSH), first reported by Fear in 1968, has seen a growing number of similar cases reported over time, drawing attention to the postoperative safety issues caused by this condition. The occurrence of trocar site hernia is attributed to defects at the puncture site, leading to the protrusion of intra-abdominal tissues or organs through the defect into the subcutaneous space. Once trocar site hernia occurs, it not only diminishes the patient's quality of life but also poses a life-threatening risk if intestinal incarceration accompanies it. Therefore, post-laparoscopy trocar site hernia should be given due attention, and the identification of relevant risk factors, along with the implementation of necessary preventive measures, holds significant clinical importance. This article provides a comprehensive review of the occurrence and prevention of trocar site hernia, aiming to serve as a reference for clinical practice.