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中华腔镜外科杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (02) : 90 -97. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-6899.2025.02.005

论著

机器人与开腹肝尾状叶肿瘤切除的对比研究
刘凯1,2, 刘鹏炯1,2, 李振琪1,2, 冯晨1,2, 曹雨1,2, 胡明根1, 刘荣1,()   
  1. 1. 100853 北京,解放军总医院第一医学中心肝胆胰外科医学部
    2. 100853 北京,解放军医学院
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-25 出版日期:2025-04-30
  • 通信作者: 刘荣
  • 基金资助:
    科技创新2030-“新一代人工智能”重大项目(2021ZD0113301)北京市AI+健康协同创新培育课题(Z221100003522005)

Comparative study of robotic and open liver caudate lobe tumor resection

Kai Liu1,2, Pengjiong Liu1,2, Zhenqi Li1,2, Chen Feng1,2, Yu Cao1,2, Minggen Hu1, Rong Liu1,()   

  1. 1. Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853,China
    2. People's Liberation Army Medical College,Beijing 100853,China
  • Received:2025-03-25 Published:2025-04-30
  • Corresponding author: Rong Liu
引用本文:

刘凯, 刘鹏炯, 李振琪, 冯晨, 曹雨, 胡明根, 刘荣. 机器人与开腹肝尾状叶肿瘤切除的对比研究[J/OL]. 中华腔镜外科杂志(电子版), 2025, 18(02): 90-97.

Kai Liu, Pengjiong Liu, Zhenqi Li, Chen Feng, Yu Cao, Minggen Hu, Rong Liu. Comparative study of robotic and open liver caudate lobe tumor resection[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Laparoscopic Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2025, 18(02): 90-97.

目的

比较机器人辅助与传统开腹手术肝尾状叶切除术的治疗效果。

方法

回顾性纳入自2010年5月至2024年5月期间在解放军总医院第一医学中心接受机器人和开腹手术的77例肝尾状叶肿瘤患者,男性61例,女性16例,开腹组50例,机器人组27例,平均年龄58.03±9.64岁。收集患者的人口统计学、围手术期结局及生存结局等临床资料。运用倾向性评分匹配(propensity scoring match,PSM)平衡基线数据。PSM后开腹组纳入28例,机器人组纳入18例,比较匹配后两组患者的围术期及预后指标差异。

结果

两组患者的基线资料无显著差异,PSM后机器人组中位(inter quartile range,IQR)手术时间117.50 (107.00, 185.00)min,出血量50.00 (20.00, 100.00)ml,术后住院时间5.00 (4.00, 6.00) d,无中转开腹,未出现严重术后并发症。开腹组中位手术时间180.50 (160.75,240.00)min,出血量300.00 (100.00, 425.00)ml,术后住院时间8.50 (7.00, 11.00) d,2例患者(7.14%)出现严重腹腔积液,后行超声引导下腹腔穿刺置管引流。然而,两组无复发生存期(recurrence free survival,RFS)为(29个月 vs. 31个月,P=0.798),总生存期(overall survival,OS)为(55个月 vs.60个月,P=0.974),差异无统计学意义。多因素Cox分析显示,AFP>400 μg/L(P=0.008)、肿瘤直径>5 cm(P=0.020)、多发肿瘤(P=0.010)、肿瘤低分化(P=0.009)为术后RFS的独立危险因素。微血管侵犯(microvascular invasion,MVI)和肿瘤低分化是OS的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。

结论

机器人辅助肝尾状叶切除在手术时间、出血量及术后住院时间方面均优于开腹手术。在RFS和OS方面,两种手术方式差异不显著。机器人肝尾状叶切除术是一种安全、有效且微创的术式。

Objective

To compare the therapeutic effect of robot-assisted and traditional open surgery in caudate lobectomy.

Methods

A total of 77 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the caudate lobe who underwent robotic or open resection in the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from May 2010 to May 2024 were retrospectively enrolled, 61 males and 16 females. There were 50 patients in the open group and 27 patients in the robotic group, with an average age of 58.03±9.64 years.Demographic data, perioperative outcomes and differences in survival outcomes were collected. Propensity scoring match (PSM) was used to balance the baseline data. After PSM, 28 patients were included in the laparotomy group and 18 patients were included in the robot group. The differences in perioperative and prognostic indicators between the two groups were compared after matching.

Results

There were no significant differences in baseline data between the two groups. After PSM, the median (inter quartile range,IQR) operation time and blood loss were 117.50 (107.00, 185.00) min and 50.00 (20.00, 100.00) ml in the robot group, respectively. The postoperative hospital stay was 5.00 (4.00, 6.00) days. There was no conversion to open surgery and no serious postoperative complications. In the open surgery group, the median operation time was 180.50(160.75, 240.00) min, the blood loss was 300.00 (100.00, 425.00) ml, the postoperative hospital stay was 8.50 (7.00, 11.00) d, and 2 patients (7.14%) had severe ascites. Then abdominal puncture and drainage were performed under ultrasound guidance. However, the recurrence free survival (RFS) was (29 months vs. 31 months, P=0.798), the overall survival (OS) was (55 months vs.60 months, P=0.974), and the recurrence free survival (RFS) was (29 months vs. 31 months, P=0.798) in the two groups. The difference was not statistically significant. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that AFP>400 μg/L (P=0.008), tumor diameter >5 cm (P=0.020), multiple tumors (P=0.010), and poor tumor differentiation (P=0.009) were independent risk factors for RFS. microvascular invasion (MVI)and poor tumor differentiation were independent influencing factors for OS (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Robot-assisted caudate lobectomy is superior to open surgery in terms of operation time, blood loss and postoperative hospital stay. There was no significant difference in RFS and OS between the two surgical methods. Robotic hepatic caudate lobectomy is a safe, effective and minimally invasive procedure.

表1 PSM前全部患者的基线资料
变量 开腹组 (n =50) 机器人组 (n =27) 统计量值 P SMD
年龄(xˉ± s ,岁) 58. 48 ± 9. 13 57. 19 ± 10. 65 t=-0. 56 0. 577 0. 122
BMI (xˉ± s ,kg/ m2) 24. 94 ± 3. 52 24. 50 ± 2. 98 t=-0. 55   0. 587 0. 146
ALB(xˉ± s ,g/ L) 40. 66 ± 4. 99 39. 79 ± 3. 89 t=-0. 79 0. 433 0. 225
性别[男性,例(%)] 44 (88. 00) 17 (62. 96) χ 2=6. 68 0. 010 0. 518
糖尿病[例(%)] 10 (20. 00) 7 (25. 93) χ 2=0. 36 0. 550 0. 148
高血压[例(%)] 16 (32. 00) 10 (37. 04) χ 2=0. 20 0. 656 0. 104
心脏病[例(%)] 2 (4. 00) 3 (11. 11) χ 2=0. 52 0. 469 0. 226
乙型肝炎[例(%)] 38 (76. 00) 22 (81. 48) χ 2=0. 31 0. 580 0. 141
AFP[例(%)] χ 2=0. 14 0. 706 0. 093
 ≤400 μg/ L 35 (70. 00) 20 (74. 07)
 >400 μg/ L 15 (30. 00) 7 (25. 93)
Child Pugh 分级[例(%)] χ 2=0. 00 >0. 999 0. 054
 A 47 (94. 00) 25 (92. 59)
 B 3 (6. 00) 2 (7. 41)
肝硬化[例(%)] 36 (72. 00) 18 (66. 67) χ 2=0. 24 0. 626 0. 113
BCLC 分级[例(%)] χ 2=0. 00 0. 996 0. 092
 0~A 43 (86. 00) 24 (88. 89)
 B~C 7 (14. 00) 3 (11. 11)
ASA 分级[例(%)] χ 2=0. 07 0. 798 0. 136
 1/2 45 (90. 00) 23 (85. 19)
 3/4 5 (10. 00) 4 (14. 81)
肿瘤最大径[例(%)] χ 2=4. 22 0. 040 0. 572
 ≤5 cm 27 (54. 00) 21 (77. 78)
 >5 cm 23 (46. 00) 6 (22. 22)
多发病灶[例(%)] 6 (12. 00) 3 (11. 11) χ 2=0. 00 >0. 999 0. 028
MVI[例(%)] 9 (18. 00) 9 (33. 33) χ 2=2. 30 0. 129 0. 325
分化程度[例(%)] χ 2=1. 05 0. 592
 高 6 (12. 00) 2 (7. 41) 0. 175
 中 22 (44. 00) 15 (55. 56) 0. 233
 低 22 (44. 00) 10 (37. 04) 0. 144
表2 PSM后患者的基线资料
变量 开腹组 (n =28) 机器人组 (n =18) 统计量值 P SMD
年龄(xˉ± s ,岁) 59. 71 ± 10. 33 57. 28 ± 10. 59 t=0. 77 0. 444 0. 230
BMI (xˉ± s ,kg/ m2) 24. 87 ± 3. 00 24. 77 ± 2. 86 t=0. 12 0. 904 0. 038
ALB(xˉ± s ,g/ L) 41. 14 ± 5. 15 40. 31 ± 3. 55 t=0. 60 0. 551 0. 235
性别[男性,例(%)] 23 (82. 14) 13 (72. 22) χ 2=0. 18 0. 667 0. 221
糖尿病[例(%)] 8 (28. 57) 6 (33. 33) χ 2=0. 12 0. 732 0. 101
高血压[例(%)] 11 (39. 29) 7 (38. 89) χ 2=0. 00 0. 979 0. 008
心脏病[例(%)] 2 (7. 14) 2 (11. 11) χ 2=0. 00 >0. 999 0. 126
乙型肝炎[例(%)] 19 (67. 86) 13 (72. 22) χ 2=0. 10 0. 754 0. 097
AFP[例(%)] χ 2=1. 00 0. 318 0. 285
 ≤400 μg/ L 21 (75. 00) 11 (61. 11)
 >400 μg/ L 7 (25. 00) 7 (38. 89)
Child Pugh 分级[例(%)] - >0. 999 0. 087
 A 27 (96. 43) 17 (94. 44)
 B 1 (3. 57) 1 (5. 56)
肝硬化[例(%)] 20 (71. 43) 11 (61. 11) χ 2=0. 53 0. 466 0. 212
BCLC 分级[例(%)] χ 2=0. 00 >0. 999 0. 032
 0~A 23 (82. 14) 15 (83. 33)
 B~C 5 (17. 86) 3 (16. 67)
ASA 分级[例(%)] χ 2=0. 00 >0. 999 0. 126
 1/2 26 (92. 86) 16 (88. 89)
 3/4 2 (7. 14) 2 (11. 11)
肿瘤最大径[例(%)] χ 2=0. 03 0. 869 0. 051
 ≤5 cm 18 (64. 29) 12 (66. 67)
 >5 cm 10 (35. 71) 6 (33. 33)
多发病灶[例(%)] 4 (14. 29) 3 (16. 67) χ 2=0. 00 >0. 999 0. 064
MVI[例(%)] 8 (28. 57) 5 (27. 78) χ 2=0. 00 0. 953 0. 018
分化程度[例(%)] - >0. 999
 高 3 (10. 71) 1 (5. 56) 0. 225
 中 14 (50. 00) 10 (55. 56) 0. 112
 低 11 (39. 29) 7 (38. 89) 0. 008
表3 PSM后患者围术期资料比较
表4 RFS的单多因素Cox回归分析
表5 OS的单多因素Cox回归
图1 Kaplan-Meier法绘制PSM后患者生存曲线 注:A.PSM后患者RFS曲线;B.PSM后患者OS曲线
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